Strengthening Early Literacy Practices with Evidence-Based Resources

Strengthening Early Literacy Practices with Evidence-Based Resources

This article, co-authored by Herbert Turner at Regional Educational Laboratory Northwest (REL Northwest) and Marina Merrill at Children’s Institute, is republished with permission. It highlights a compilation of evidence-based resources to support and strengthen early literacy resources for young children. 

 

In 2023, the Oregon Legislature launched the Early Literacy Success Initiative to help all students learn to read — as currently only 46 percent of students read proficiently by the end of grade 3.1 To support the initiative, Children’s Institute (CI) partnered with the Regional Educational Laboratory Northwest (REL Northwest) to compile accessible, evidence-based resources to support this effort and strengthen literacy practices for young children.

Why early literacy matters

Why focus on birth to grade 3? Early experiences shape the foundation for all future learning, with critical brain development occurring before age five.2 When young children develop strong language skills early on, they are better equipped to engage in learning and succeed academically. Children who fail to achieve reading proficiency by grade 3 are four times more likely to drop out of high school.3 Thus, early literacy is an educational priority and an equity issue, as it can help mitigate the effects of poverty and systemic inequities.

 

Evidence-based early literacy resources

REL Northwest compiled vetted resources to support early literacy from ages 0–3 and preschool to grade 3. For children ages 0–3, these resources include interactive reading apps, early literacy games, and parent-child reading guides. Educators and parents can integrate these strategies into home visiting programs, early intervention services, and community-based programs. For older children in preschool and elementary school settings, the resources include guided reading materials, phonics-based learning tools, and literacy assessment guides.

For example, How Parents and Families Support Oral Language and Vocabulary provides research-based strategies, example texts, and real-life vignettes that parents and families can use to develop oral language skills in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers, including those from diverse linguistic backgrounds. Another resource, A Kindergarten Teacher’s Guide to Supporting Family Involvement in Foundational Reading Skills, helps teachers support families in practicing foundational reading skills at home as a companion to the recommendations for classroom instruction. These resources address the unique needs and challenges faced by students, including students from low-income families, English learner students, and students with disabilities.

Children’s Institute published these resources on a custom web page designed for families, caregivers, practitioners, and policymakers to access and use practices linked to improving student outcomes. The resources are presented in a user-friendly format, with clear instructions and explanations.

 

Policy context and future directions

The shift toward identifying literacy skills on the zero-to-grade-3 continuum reflects a growing recognition of the importance of early childhood education. This approach aligns with national trends and funding opportunities, emphasizing the need for comprehensive early literacy strategies. By thinking beyond the traditional preK–3 continuum, Oregon is positioning itself as a leader in early childhood education reform.

The infusion of state funding into early literacy initiatives, particularly the Early Literacy Success Initiative, opens new possibilities. By leveraging this funding, educators and policymakers can adopt and integrate these tools and strategies into their existing frameworks, ensuring that every child in Oregon can develop strong literacy skills from the earliest age.

By creating a more equitable education system that empowers all children to reach their full potential, this initiative aims to improve early literacy and foster a sense of shared responsibility and commitment to the future of our children and our communities.

 

The role of REL Northwest and Children’s Institute

REL Northwest plays a crucial role in building the capacity of education stakeholders across Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Oregon and Washington and helping state and district leaders use data and evidence for informed decision-making. REL Northwest conducts applied research, and provides training, and technical support to state and local education agencies and community organization partners in the region.

Children’s Institute, a nonprofit organization, focuses on improving the lives of children from prenatal to fifth grade in Oregon, especially those facing systemic barriers like poverty, racial inequities, disabilities, or rural areas. CI’s work focuses on shaping state early childhood policy related to early learning and healthy development and working with schools and districts to strengthen teaching practices preschool through fifth grade with its Early School Success initiative. They collaborate with various stakeholders, including families, educators, regional leaders, policymakers, and health organizations, to ensure a comprehensive approach to early childhood education.

 

Additional Resources

1 Oregon Department of Education. (2022). Oregon statewide report card 2021–2022.

2 National Research Council & Institute of Medicine. (2000). From neurons to neighborhoods: The science of early childhood development. National Academy Press.

3 Hernandez, D. J. (2011). Double jeopardy: How third-grade reading skills and poverty influence high school graduation. Annie E. Casey Foundation.

States Have A Role To Play in Helping Kids Access Inclusive Pre-K

States Have A Role To Play in Helping Kids Access Inclusive Pre-K

This article written by Aaron Loewenberg at New America and shared with permission highlights how collaboration between school districts and community partners can be improved by states.

A distinctive hallmark of publicly funded early education is the fact that it’s offered in a variety of settings. In order to preserve parental choice and increase capacity, many states have adopted mixed delivery systems in which pre-K is offered not only in public elementary schools but also in community-based settings, such as child care centers and Head Start. There are a variety of reasons why a parent might prefer one of these settings over a school setting, such as closer proximity to their home or place of work, full-day hours that better correspond with a parent’s working schedule, or because it’s where other family members already attend.

But while a mixed delivery system of pre-K has many advantages, it can present significant challenges for students with disabilities when it comes to accessing early childhood special education (ECSE) services, such as those provided by occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech-language pathologists. A nationwide shortage of special education teachers can make the task even more difficult. Despite guidance from the federal government that emphasizes that the requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) apply to both school and non-school settings, in many districts these services are only provided in school-based settings, forcing families to make difficult decisions.

Families might be forced to choose between staying in a child care center and receiving no services or leaving the program to attend the school-based option that will offer ECSE services. Alternatively, families might be able to stay at their community-based setting but the learning day is disrupted by the need to take a bus in the middle of the day to receive services at the school district site. Neither of these options are optimal, and both go against a child’s right to be served in the “least restrictive environment,” a point recently emphasized in a 2023 federal policy statement. That statement makes clear that, “Families should not have to choose between remaining in their existing early childhood program and receiving early intervention or special education services after children are identified with a disability.” It also emphasizes the benefits of children with special needs learning in inclusive settings alongside typically developing children.

Since both Head Start rules and IDEA make clear that it’s the responsibility of local education agencies to conduct evaluations and deliver special education services, much of the work of delivering these services to young children in community-based settings happens at the local level and under the purview of the school district. And while there are several examples of communities across the country engaged in this work, there are fewer examples of state systems working across sectors to ensure that children are supported in accessing special education services across the mixed delivery system. However, there is an important role for the state to play here. In fact, the recent federal policy statement offers 10 recommendations for state actions to better serve children with disabilities in early childhood programs, ranging from establishing a cross-sector state leadership team to implement a shared vision to raising public awareness about the benefits and importance of inclusion.

Illinois is one state that has been engaged in this work for many years. “We really need to start from the presumption that the family has made a choice about where to enroll their child, and we need to think about how to keep them there and help that student thrive,” says Kayla Goldfarb, policy manager in Illinois policy at Start Early. To meet this goal, the state has established a cross-sector, interagency leadership team focused on increasing inclusive opportunities for young children with disabilities. The team’s work is guided by Indicators of High-Quality Inclusion that address inclusive policies and practices at multiple system levels: state, community, local programs, and the environments where children receive care. “Part of the reason it is so important is because the issue of inclusion for preschoolers is a cross-sector issue since there is no universally accessible pre-K system nationally. So, if we want to address inclusion, we have to not just have our school district and Illinois State Board of Education partners on board; it also has to include community-based providers, including child care and Head Start partners,” says Goldfarb.

The state has partnered with the Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center to provide technical assistance for implementing, sustaining, and scaling-up inclusive pre-K programs. District-based community inclusion teams consisting of community partners, education agencies, and parents meet monthly across the state to build awareness of the importance of early childhood inclusion. In Collinsville, a city located just east of St. Louis, the school district and a Head Start program were able to enter into a collaboration where an itinerant special education teacher from the district travels to the Head Start site to provide services that are embedded in the activities of the day. This arrangement means that children no longer have to take a bus in the middle of the day to the school to receive their services.

Illinois is also using funds from the federal Preschool Development Grant Birth through Five (PDG B-5) program to improve the availability of services in community-based settings. The funds have been used to pilot different service model options for providing special education services in community settings, such as one in which itinerant services are provided within a regional co-op to children who reside out-of-district and are enrolled in community-based organizations. Several community inclusion teams have been awarded funds to receive technical assistance, professional development, and help in implementing the itinerant service model in their communities.

Oregon has also been working to assist local communities in providing inclusive services for children in community-based settings through the work of the state’s Early Childhood Inclusion Initiative. “Oregon didn’t necessarily have a state strategy to move the needle on this, and so now we are getting technical assistance to build a state strategy for advancing inclusion,” says Dana Hepper, Director of Policy & Advocacy at Children’s Institute. Like Illinois, the state is using the Indicators of High-Quality Inclusion to guide work at the state and local levels and has organized cross-sector community inclusion teams that examine barriers to authentic communication between school districts and community-based settings.

In Lincoln County in Western Oregon, a community inclusion team made up of partners from across the early learning community has been using coaching to build staff capacity in three community sites, develop shared professional development, and identify interagency agreements with districts that will help sustain inclusive practices. Other community teams have focused on ensuring that all early education providers, regardless of setting, have access to high-quality training and coaching on practices that target the full inclusion of young children with disabilities.

For her part, Hepper sees a definite benefit to states stepping up to help lead this work around how to best provide services to young children regardless of whether they attend pre-K in an elementary school, Head Start classroom, or child care center. “It feels very inefficient for every community to have to figure these things out on their own. There are some common, proven practices grounded in research and experience that we should be sharing with each other and utilizing,” says Hepper.

Both Oregon and Illinois offer examples of the importance of states helping and funding local communities to do this often difficult, cross-sector work. It will take continued cooperation between local and state governments to ensure that children with disabilities receive the services to which they’re entitled in the setting that works best for their families.

This work is attributed to Aaron Loewenberg, senior policy analyst with the Education Policy program at New America.. The original version can be found here.

The Power of Inclusive Classrooms at Gilbert Creek Child Development Center

The Power of Inclusive Classrooms at Gilbert Creek Child Development Center

Summary

In this episode, host Rafael Otto visits Grants Pass, Oregon, to talk with Shannon Bilbao and Susan Peck from Gilbert Creek Child Development Center. They discuss why inclusive classrooms are so valuable for the healthy development of all children and share examples of what they see in their classrooms.

“A benefit of an inclusive preschool is that children learn early about their friends needing more time to express their needs or how they can help. It becomes a natural part of their routine.” – Susan Peck

 

“Witnessing some of our children with disabilities interacting with their typically developing peers and just being part of the community, you realize they shouldn’t be as separate as it sometimes is. It is incredibly powerful to see them together forming friendships and their eyes lit up” – Shannon Bilbao.

They also discuss the growing needs among young children in the aftermath of COVID and two of the biggest obstacles to serving more children: appropriately trained staff and the physical space to serve children. A promising venture, however, with Highland Elementary aims to solve those two challenges with a new and growing partnership. Tune in and share!

 

More about The Early Link Podcast

The Early Link Podcast highlights national, regional, and local voices working in early childhood education and the nonprofit sector. The podcast is written, hosted, and produced by Rafael Otto, Children’s Institute’s director of communications.

Listen to more episodes of the Early Link Podcast here or stream on Spotify, Stitcher, Amazon Music, TuneIn, and Apple Podcasts. 

The Oregon Early Childhood Summit

The Oregon Early Childhood Summit

“When we see children, they don’t exist in the background,  – they exist within their community and alongside their caregivers,” said Abigail Mendez, senior manager at Latino Network at the Oregon Early Childhood Summit.

 

Held on Friday, March 22 at Portland State University, the event brought early childhood professionals from across the state and across sectors to collectively envision a better future for children’s social-emotional health. The event was produced by Children’s Institute and Trauma Informed Oregon.  

Mendez elaborated on why a trauma-informed approach was necessary. “For many of us, we are trying to heal what we experienced growing up and heal these wounds across society. And children are not only seeing this process, but now having more experiences where they can grow up in a healthy place because of the work we are doing” she said.  

Representatives from the medical field, rural communities, special education classes, Indigenous communities, family care practitioners, neurodivergence specialists and more gathered to have critical conversations about how the state can better serve our little ones.  

A photo of the room with representatives from across the early childhood movement

 

Kali Thorne Ladd, chief executive officer at Children’s Institute, opened the event with a call to action: to listen to one another and to center the strengths of children and families throughout the summit. 

Photo of Kali and Dana starting the event

The day’s sessions elevated both community and systems perspectives, shedding light on the deeply relational as well as policy-backed solutions required to keep advancing the work of trauma-informed care.

The first panel focused on providers serving communities with trauma-informed care and the formidable barriers children and families face within these communities. Many families of color and those who have recently immigrated to the United States encounter a wide range of challenges, from the continual stress caused by displacement and language barriers to the lack of culturally responsive resources available. Despite the presence of obstacles, these families are finding innovative ways to provide for their children’s future, collaborating with teachers, neighbors and coworkers to build community assets such as child care programs and centers for traditional learning.  

 

Photo of the Speakers from Panel 1

Panel 1 Speakers: Abigail Mendez of Latino Network, Bahia Overton of Black Parent Initiative, Ingrid Solares of Adelante Mujeres, Miko Erikson of Oregon Child Development Coalition, and Nagia Elzaidi of Salem Islamic Center

 Part of this work demands the rewriting of narratives around insufficiency and lack of access to support. For children growing up labeled with stories of struggle, sometimes even well-meaning support efforts can perpetuate ideas that these kids are less capable due to trauma they’ve experienced and the strength it takes to survive challenging obstacles. But rather than focusing on survival, it’s time to tackle the systems creating situations where families and children are forced into survival mode.  

In addition to behavioral and social emotional support for children, adults can greatly benefit from gaining social emotional tools and training.

As Miko Erikson of Oregon Child Development Coalition shared, “When adults struggle to regulate their own emotions, they are less able to help children communicate theirs.” Cross-generational healing and opportunity for learning is critical for reshaping these systems. Further solutions proposed included intentional inclusion of father figures in early childhood support systems and working to reduce the stigma around accessing mental health services. 

 

Photo of Panel 2 Speakers
Panel 2 Speakers: Cat Livingston of Health Share of Oregon, Jessie Eagan of Oregon Health Authority, Jon Reeves of Department of Early Learning and Care, and Kara Williams of Oregon Department of Education. 

 As the second panel unfolded, professionals from state agencies working to improve early childhood systems shared their ideas for greater trauma-informed care embedded throughout Oregon’s service system. Jon Reeves and Kara Williams discussed the critical need to continue work in banning suspension and expulsion for early childhood education, Williams adding that We believe every child’s nursing and development needs to be fostered by inclusive environments. We’re working with community partners to identify the children who can use extra help and improve outcomes for these children by having more special needs resources and mental health services made available through community implementation rather than mechanisms such as suspension and expulsion. 

With a focus on the health system, Eagan and Livingston talked about efforts to comprehensively address childhood health issues and improve access to behavioral health services, particularly for linguistically and culturally diverse communities. Eliminating health disparities will require continuous, meaningful evaluation of current medical and social emotional health systems and the firsthand accounts of underserved groups.

We know that a lot of folks find that the evidence-based practices that persist today weren’t developed with them in mind,” Eagan shared. “So, we’re trying to do work with folks who have lived experiences from their specific backgrounds and build programs around their needs and ideas.” 

Picture of panel 2 speakers

As the second panel closed, panelists delved into the need to expand the early childhood care workforce by offering scholarships, professional development opportunities, and equitable pay for those entering the field. Early care and education specialists are overworked and underpaid, and changing the system for kids will require significant improvements for service providers making this system possible.

As Kara Williams reminded the room, “[Early childhood educators and care providers] may be in the same boat and wanting to row in the same direction, but some of us are missing paddles, or there’s a hole in our boat. It’s one thing to create policy, it’s another to implement it well. And we need adequate funding and training opportunities to do so.”

Photo of a speaker from the storytelling session

The event transitioned to a period of storytelling featuring Odilon Campos and Suzie Kuerschner, early childhood leaders specializing in trauma-informed and culturally specific care for children. Each shared accounts of children who overcame significant behavioral and systemic obstacles through collaborative care offerings and strength-based approaches. 

“When we’re trying to serve kids, sometimes it’s easy to come up with endless “What-ifs?” of potential problems that could unfold,” admitted Odilon Campos. “But often the best thing for us to do is to jump in head-first and see what the child can do and learn. Our children are strong, they’re fierce. It was our job to provide a safe space for children to try. At the end of the day, we want them to build resiliency skills and to someday become adults who are well-regulated.” 

Suzie Kuerschner shared the powerful story of Tutchone, a boy whose difficulties with self-regulation nearly led to final expulsion from his community’s early education center. But thanks to the inclusion of his wider community and practices that resonated with his family’s experiences, his family and a team of educators found a way to support Tutchone where he was and offer outlets he could access when overstimulated. As a result, his behavior adapted quickly, and school became a safe place for him to grow and thrive. 

“Mapping the positive is the reciprocity of relationships across cultures. It is our love that brings people together,” Kuerschner shared in closing.  

Photo of facilitated event discussion tables at the Oregon Early Childhood Summit

The final part of the event led participants to facilitated groups for reflection on many early childhood subjects, from neurodivergence and medical care to workforce development and home visiting services. The room buzzed with ideas as tables discussed changes in policy, practices to be implemented, and hopes for social and emotional development of children across the state.   

As the day closed, participants paused for a moment of gratitude, standing united for children from every corner of the room – and state.

We look forward to the next opportunity to come together, and we want to give a huge thank you to our partners at Trauma Informed Oregon for making this special day possible.  

Children’s Institute Launches Early Literacy Resources

Children’s Institute Launches Early Literacy Resources

We know that a child’s earliest experiences set the foundation for all future learning and that 90 percent of brain development happens before age 5. When young children develop language skills and learn to read, they are better equipped to engage in learning and become empowered to learn.

Recently, Children’s Institute partnered with the Regional Educational Laboratory Northwest (REL NW) to collect existing, readily accessible resources on evidence-based literacy practices for children ages birth through grade 3.

We are excited to share this compilation of resources with families and caregivers, early childhood educators and practitioners, and policymakers who want to support young children in developing the literacy and language skills they need to thrive.

For questions or help navigating these resources, please contact Marina Merrill, director of research and strategy, at marina@childinst.org